Top 70+ IoT Interview Questions and Answers [2022]

If you are looking for IoT Interview Questions whether you are fresher or experienced then you have come to the right place.

IoT is a growing field and we hope that these IoT Interview Questions will help you in clearing your IoT job interview.

Let’s start.

IoT Interview Questions and Answers

1. What is an IOT?

IOT is an abbreviation for the Internet of Things. It is a network in which various Things may connect with one another through the use of a network as a medium of communication. This Network is usually the internet.

2. What is the difference between IoT and embedded devices?

The internet of things refers to a sort of embedded system that is linked to the internet. Embedded systems are often tiny software programs that perform a few tasks. The Internet of Things can continually update itself based on its surroundings and learn on its own.

3. Is the internet always required for IoT devices?

No, the internet is not required at all times. However, there needs be some kind of network available so that the devices may communicate with one another.

4. What is an Arduino?

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform with simple hardware and software. Arduino boards are a type of microcontroller that can read sensor input and operate motors and other devices programmatically.

5. What is the best way to develop instructions or programs for Arduino boards?

You may build programs and upload them to your board using the Arduino Software (IDE). To upload or flash the code to the board, a bootloader is required.

6. What hardware communication interfaces does the Arduino board have?

It supports a variety of communication protocols, including I2C, SPI, Serial, PWM, and others. What programming language does Arduino use? Ans: Arduino boards are programmed mostly in the C programming language.

7. What is a Raspberry Pi?

The Raspberry Pi is a credit card-sized computer that can perform all of the functions of a standard computer. However, it also has built-in functionality such as onboard Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and GPIO ports for communicating with other Things.

8. What is the distinction between Arduino and Raspberry Pi?

In essence, Arduino is a microcontroller, whereas Raspberry Pi is a CPU. Raspberry Pi is somewhat superior than Arduino boards in terms of CPU and GPU processing, as well as inbuilt Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and other features.

9. What is the operating voltage of both the Arduino and the Raspberry Pi?

The Raspberry Pi requires a 5V input voltage to operate, but the Arduino requires a voltage range of 5-12V. Arduino boards have a regulator that allows them to function with varying input voltages.

10. What hardware communication interfaces does the Raspberry Pi have?

Similar to Arduino boards, the Raspberry Pi supports a variety of communication protocols such as I2C, SPI, Serial, PWM, and so on.

11. What exactly are GPIO Pins?

GPIO is an abbreviation for General Purpose Input and Output Pins. It can read and write data from development boards like the Raspberry Pi and Arduino to other sensors, motors, actuators, and so on.

12. When was the most recent Raspberry Pi release?

On March 18, 2018, the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ was released by the RPi team, featuring a considerably better CPU At 1.4GHz.

13. How many GPIO pins does the Raspberry Pi have?

The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ has 40 GPIO pins that are exclusively capable of reading and writing digital data.

14. What are Arduino interrupts?

Interrupts, which are enabled by default, allow some crucial processes to take place in the background. The job of an Interrupt is to ensure that the CPU responds rapidly to crucial occurrences. When a specific signal is received, an Interrupt interrupts whatever the CPU is doing, and executes some code tailored to react.

15. What are some of the operating systems that Raspberry Pi supports?

Raspbian is the official operating system for the Raspberry Pi. Despite the fact that it supports different operating systems such as Kali Linux, OSMC, Windows 10 IOT Core, Android Things, RetroPie, and others.

16. How can you run a Raspberry Pi without a monitor?

You may use SSH to connect to the Raspberry Pi and operate it in headless mode. The latest Raspbian OS has a VNC server, which allows you to take a remote desktop session on your Raspberry Pi.

17. What wireless communication boards are available for the Raspberry Pi?

Wi-Fi and Bluetooth/BLE are the wireless connectivity options available on the Raspberry Pi.

18. What Python libraries are used to control GPIO pins on the Raspberry Pi?

The RPi.GPIO Python libraries are used in the Raspberry Pi to operate GPIO pins.

19. Can node JS be used to control GPIO pins on the Raspberry Pi?

Yes, RPI-gpio is the node library used to control the GPIO pins on the Raspberry Pi.

20. In Arduino, what is the syntax for reading analog and digital data from a sensor?

To read and write digital data to the sensors, use digitalRead() and digitalWrite(). analogRead() and analogWrite() are used to read and write analog data to sensors, respectively.

21. What exactly are Arduino Shields?

Arduino shields are modular circuit boards that connect to your Arduino to provide functionality.

22. What are some examples of MEMS sensors?

MPU6050 – Gyroscope, ADXL345 – Accelerometer, piezoelectric sensor, and other components.

23. What exactly is PWM?

PWM is an abbreviation for Pulse Width Modulation. In an analog form, pulse width modulation allows us to adjust the amount of time the signal is high.

While the signal can only be high (typically 5V) or low (ground) at any given moment, we may modify the amount of time the signal is high relative to low over a consistent time interval.

24. What are some examples of PWM uses in IOT?

Dimming LEDs, regulating the speed of a DC motor, directing a servo motor, and so forth.

25. What sensor and actuator are utilized in wired mode to operate any home appliances from any IOT device?

A relay is used to operate household appliances from IoT or Embedded devices. A relay is just an electrically controlled switch.

26. What exactly is the ZigBee protocol?

ZigBee is a wireless technology with high-level communication protocols based on IEEE 802.15.4 that may be used to establish personal area networks using tiny, low-power devices for home automation, medical devices, and other low-power, low-bandwidth purposes. As a result, ZigBee is a low-power, low-data-rate wireless ad hoc network.

27. What exactly is Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)?

Bluetooth Low Energy is abbreviated as BLE. Bluetooth Low Energy operates on the same 2.4 GHz radio frequencies as traditional Bluetooth, but consumes less power to transfer data over short distances.

28. What is the purpose of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) in IoT?

Unlike traditional Bluetooth, BLE is always in sleep mode, unless when a connection is established. It is used in applications that do not require significant volumes of data to be exchanged and can thus function on battery power for years at a lower cost, hence it is utilized as one of the modes of transmitting data between devices.

29. What exactly is MicroPython?

MicroPython is a lean and efficient Python 3 programming language implementation that contains a tiny part of the Python standard library and is targeted for use on microcontrollers such as NodeMCU.

30. How many hardware serial interfaces is the ESP 32 equipped with?

The ESP32 has three hardware serial interfaces.

31. What are MQTT Subscribers and Publishers?

Publishers are the devices that send or transmit data via the MQ broker. Subscribers – These are the devices that consume or read data from the MQ broker.

32. Can you provide me an example of some MQTT services?

The most well-known MQTT services are Mosquito MQTT, Cloud MQTT, and PubNub.

33. Can the NodeMCU function as a web server?

Yes, using the ESP8266WebServer Arduino library. This library is designed for the ESP8266. Similar libraries are available for other NodeMCU boards as well. 42. formalized What additional development boards are there? Other boards include the Beagle Bone Black, BananaPi, Intel’s Galileo, the Asus Tinker Board, the MSP 430 Launchpad, and others.

34. What exactly is the Windows 10 IOT Core?

Windows 10 IOT Core is a full-fledged operating system based on Windows 10 that is built primarily for use on embedded devices. You will be able to create a single universal app experience as a result of this.

35. What are examples of the industries where IoT has played a significant role?

Manufacturing, transportation, utilities, healthcare, consumer electronics, and automobiles are all examples of industries.

36. What are the obstacles in IOT?

The primary issues with IOT will be power utilization and security. Because all devices are linked to a single network, a little defect introduced into the network will affect all of them, causing havoc.

37. Is it possible for IoT to take over the human mind?

No, the Internet of Things cannot replace the human brain. Because of the human brain’s complexity, self-learning, and decision-making abilities, every known gadget is incomparable to it.

38. What is the future scope of IoT devices?

According to Gartner, the total number of IOT devices globally might reach 21 billion by 2021.

39. What has been the most significant IOT implementation thus far?

So far, the most significant deployments have been smart homes, self-driving vehicles, and so forth.

40. What exactly are Android things?

It is an Android-based operating system designed specifically for embedded devices such as the Raspberry Pi.

41. What are the most common types of sensors used in IoT?

Temperature probes
Proximity detector
Pressure gauge
Gas detector
Smoke detector
Infrared sensors
Sensors for motion detection

42. How did you detect fire, and what sensor did you use?

I’ll employ a smoke sensor to detect fire and smoke.

43. How did you use sensors to measure the voltage?

I’ll be using thermocouples to measure voltage.

44. What is the function of thermocouples?

It will measure the temperature with a voltage change, and as the temperature rises, the output voltage of the thermocouple will rise as well.

45. What sensors are available for use in agriculture?

Sensor for soil moisture.
Sensors for airflow.

Electrochemical sensors are a type of sensor that detects the presence of chemicals in the environment.

46. What does the term “Arduino” mean?

It is a programmable my controller that is used to programmatically sense and control electrical devices.

47. What does the term “Raspberry Pi” mean?

It’s a credit-card-sized computer that we can carry with us everywhere we go.
It is entirely based on open-source software and has attractive gadgets for IoT projects.

48. What is the distinction between Arduino and Raspberry Pi?

Arduino is an open programmable USB microcontroller that can only run one program at a time.
Raspberry Pi: A credit card-sized computer that can run numerous programs at once and has greater computational capacity than an Arduino.

49. What does “Raspberry Pi Zero” mean?

The Raspberry Pi Zero is the most recent miniaturized version of the Raspberry Pi, and it costs only $5.

50. What is the acronym for MQTT?

MQTT is an abbreviation for Message Queue Telemetry Transport.

51. What is the MQTT protocol’s purpose?

Its purpose is to connect applications and middleware from one network to another.

52. What is the role of publishers in the Internet of Things?

Publishers are small sensors that deliver real-time data to middleware or intermediary devices.

53. Who are IOT subscribers?

Subscribers are applications that are interested in real-time data generated via sensors.

54. Tell me about how you program the Arduino.

I can program the Arduino using the Arduino IDE. I can also use Node as an alternative way.

55. Is it feasible to use Arduino to operate the keyboard?

Yes, you may control the keyboard by using the specific inbuilt keyboard Arduino library.

56. What does the term library in Arduino mean?

A library is a collection of code that has previously been created to operate a sensor or module.

57. How did you install the updated Arduino library?

In Arduino, click Include library from the Sketch option in the Toolbar. This will open File Explorer, where you may install the library from the location. That is all there is to it.

58. What does the term “Sketch” mean in Arduino?

Each unit of code in Arduino is referred to as a Sketch, and it is uploaded and executed on the Board.

59. Can I reduce the size of my sketch?

Yes, it is possible to minimize the size of the sketch by removing useless libraries from the top of the code and making our code extremely basic and short.

60. How did you use Python to control the Arduino?

We can control the Arduino using Python by attaching it to the serial port. To connect the serial port, we must first import the serial module into Python.

61. Does the Raspberry Pi have Windows support?

Yes, using a specifically developed Windows 10 IOT core, Windows provides compatibility for Raspberry Pi.

62. What is a GPIO?

GPIO stands for general purpose input/output. It is a programmable pin that may be input or output. During run time, the user may manipulate these pins programmatically. for additional information en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General-purpose input/output

63 In Python, which module is used to operate the gpio?

The gpiozero command is used to control the gpio pins on the Raspberry Pi. This allows us to operate a button, an LED, a robot, and other devices.

64. Why should I prepare MongoDB for IOT rather than another database?

It is a storage database based on the document model. As a result, it is quicker than other databases, and it supports more than 20 programming languages for integration.

65. What programming languages are supported by Mongodb?

C, C#, C++, Clojure, ColdFusion, Delphi, Erlang, Go, Groovy, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, Lisp, MatLab, Perl, PHP, PowerShell, Prolog, Python, R, Ruby, Scala and Smalltalk.

66. What does aggregation in MongoDB mean?

It performs data processing and returns calculated values. More details may be found at https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/map-reduce/.

67. Can you explain sharding?

Sharding is the process of dividing data into numerous collections and storing it on several devices.

68. What is replication?

Replication is the act of synchronizing data across several servers, which makes Mongodb highly available.

69. Describe how you store high-volume media, such as video or audio data in Arduino.

Gridfs is the standards for storing and retrieving audio and video files using Mongodb.

70. What are the security risks with IoT?

IoT data security and privacy are key problems. These devices are vulnerable to exploitation, and hackers might utilize cloud endpoints to attack servers. Software developers and device designers must provide suitable security and privacy safeguards.

71. What are the most prevalent applications of IoT?

IoT has applications in a variety of sectors and marketplaces. Engineering, business, and infrastructure, Drugs and health.